How to Use the Inverted Pyramid in Newswriting

Instructions to Use the Inverted Pyramid in Newswriting Altered pyramid alludes to the structure or model normally utilized for hard-reports. It implies that the most significant, or heaviest data goes at the highest point of the story, while the least significant data goes at the base. Heres an example: He utilized the transformed pyramid structure to compose his report. Early Beginnings The transformed pyramid group was created during the Civil War. Journalists covering the extraordinary skirmishes of that war would do their revealing, at that point hurry to the closest message office to have their accounts transmitted, by means of Morse Code, back to their newsrooms. Be that as it may, the message lines were regularly cut in mid-sentence, once in a while in a demonstration of treachery. So the reportersâ realized they needed to put the most significant realities directly at the very beginning of their accounts so that regardless of whether a large portion of the subtleties were lost, the primary concern would traverse. (Curiously, the Associated Press, which is known for its broad utilization of firmly composed, reversed pyramid stories, was established around this equivalent time. Today the AP is the most seasoned and one of the biggest news associations on the planet.) Transformed Pyramid Today Obviously, exactly 150 years after the finish of the Civil War, the altered pyramid group is as yet being utilized in light of the fact that it has served the two columnists and perusers well. Perusers profit by having the option to get the central matter of the story directly in the absolute first sentence. What's more, media sources advantage by having the option to pass on more data in a littler space, something that is particularly evident during a time when papers are actually contracting. (Editors likewise like the upset pyramid group since when chipping away at tight cutoff times, it empowers them to cut excessively long stories from the base without losing any imperative data.) Actually, the reversed pyramid group is presumably more valuable today than any other time in recent memory. Studies have discovered that perusers will in general have shorter capacities to focus when perusing on screens rather than paper. Furthermore, since perusers progressively get their news not simply on the generally little screens of iPads however on the minuscule screens of cell phones, like never before correspondents must sum up stories as fast and as concisely as could reasonably be expected. In fact, despite the fact that online-just news destinations hypothetically have boundless measures of room for articles, since there are no pages to be truly printed, as a general rule youll find that their accounts despite everything utilize the altered pyramid and are firmly composed, for the reasons refered to above. Do It Without anyone else's help For the starting correspondent, the rearranged pyramid organization ought to be anything but difficult to learn. Make a point to get the primary concerns of your story - the five Ws and the H - into your lede. At that point, as you go from the beginning to the completion of your story, put the most significant news close to the top, and the least significant stuff close to the base. Do that, and youll produce a tight, elegantly composed report utilizing an arrangement that has withstood the trial of time.

Emerson calls for the emergence of an American poetics Essay

Emerson requires the rise of an American poetics - Essay Example In what ways does William Cullen Bryant move away from emulating British verse and address American subjects? In what ways does he play by the natural standards of the epic custom? In ‘The Prairies’, Bryant can be felt to radiate the artist work which Emerson requires by rendering his abstract work unite to a ‘transcendentalist’ point of view. Despite the fact that it is prominent in portraying the ‘nature of nature’ or the manner in which nature is in its out and out truth, ‘The Prairies’ realizes insight of a sort of otherworldliness appended with nature which basically outperforms the negligible drawing of important suppositions toward its physical characteristics. So also, Bryant rises to have a degree of legitimacy as per the principles set by Emerson for the American poetics dependent on his poem’s solid feeling of distinction which is a run of the mill component in American topics upon pretty much every type of America n writing. In that capacity, Bryant ventures a receptive outlook prepared to do reasonably resounding back to the peruser the more profound pith of ‘The Prairies’ which builds up its personality after the poet’s one of a kind understanding.

Essay on Collaborative Development Resit

Question: Depict about an Essay on Collaborative Development Resit? Answer: UML Diagrams UML or Unified Modeling Language outlines are a standard technique for demonstrating the fundamental structure of the product framework so as to give a general perspective on the general functionalities of the framework. There are various types of UML outline which can be utilized to speak to both the basic and the conduct parts of the framework (Omurca, 2013). Use Case Diagram: Use case graph characterizes the auxiliary components of the framework. For the most part, in a structure archive, Use case definitions ought to be composed for all the Requirements of the framework. The necessities of a framework are spoken to utilizing an utilization case model in the Use Case Diagram. The utilization case chart for the on-screen characters of this contextual analysis is given as beneath. The outline assists with calling attention to the highlights of the framework and the product necessities (Choi and Han, 2013). Here, the head is the essential entertainer. The bolts imply the correspondence between the utilization cases or procedures for example principal prerequisites of the framework. It speaks to the situation of the essential functionalities of the product from the perspective of an outer onlooker (de Haan, Vrancken and Lukszo, 2011). The utilization cases are calling attention to what the entertainer for example the executive needs to do and the means taken by him to play out that particular errand. UML Activity Diagram: Action outlines characterize the social parts of the framework. UML Activity outline can be viewed as a kind of flowchart (Liu and Dong, 2011). Through the UML movement outline the fundamental powerful nature of the framework is spoken to. It contains the dynamic procedure stream of the framework programming. The graphical portrayal of the bit by bit process stream incorporates the essential exercises of the framework inside the rectangular boxes. The dark speck implies the beginning of the procedure and the dark dab with a hover around it means the finish of procedure or exercises. It gives an elevated level conceptualization of the general functionalities of the framework (Kuhn and Bergel, 2014). The containers speak to the exercises, the bolts bring up the bearing or the progression of the exercises. The precious stone molded figures speak to conditions and limitations engaged with the work stream of the exercises. Basic Evaluation: The present arrangement of West Midlands Fire Service is to make another product framework which will work on the possibility of Intelligent Remote Monitoring Solution or IRMS to bring order and control way to deal with an unheard of level. The fire administration organization adopted the order and control strategy to settle on dynamic in an increasingly conveyed technique. This technique actualizes the regular thought of order and control focus in progressively imaginative manners. Essentially, the primary goal of this new framework is recognizing and handling occurrence zones and overseeing and apportioning assets in a progressively productive manner (Choi and Han, 2013). It completely uses the offices of the headways of present day advances and systems to speak with focal servers and other associated terminals to deal with pressing occurrences by following the closest assets accessible. To accomplish this assignment, they actualized a mapping framework which can be valuable for fo llowing and featuring specific assets around the zones where the episodes happen (Omurca, 2013). The fundamental functionalities of the actualized framework are: Track assets and apportion Ids to every asset Gathering assets as indicated by their abilities Feature the zones on the guide where assets are accessible Apportion best asset to occurrences contingent on the circumstance Replay the occurrences so a specific distinct individual can be featured and check whether they need emergency treatment Stow away and show jobs that are engaged with the occurrences Give question and preparing to handle occurrences appropriately Include or imprint areas where assets are accessible Convey to focal server the areas containing assets. Variant Control System In this specific venture they have utilized the Version Control System innovation to execute the functionalities of the director and the leaders. The variant control framework is for the most part utilized where circulated information preparing is included. The component of this framework assists with monitoring every single change made to the source code so as to work in a circulated domain (de Haan, Vrancken and Lukszo, 2011). This framework bolsters a community oriented advancement by co-ordinating among the all the forms of the product framework. This at last aides in sharing a typical source code among the product designers. It makes it simpler to perform bug fixes and resolve different issues with respect to the correct working of the source code (Omurca, 2013). Notwithstanding this the regular coding style for example the PHP Coding Style has been utilized to build up the framework programming as it is plain straightforward and straightforward. In addition, the remark styles help to understand the elements of the announcements all the more effectively (Liu and Dong, 2011). Issues that have obstructed the exhibition One of the fundamental issues of variant control framework is that the source code changes all the time. Subsequently the substance likewise should be changed. The chance of misfortune and harm of shared information can be high while utilizing the adaptation control instrument to blend the codes (Dwivedi and Clarke, 2012). Additionally, actualizing the entire framework dependent on to a huge touch screen causes overhead. The execution of the guide and its best possible working, everything exclusively relies upon the accessibility of systems. In this way, the exhibition of the framework gets frail at whatever point there is an issue in the system or at whatever point there is overwhelming system traffic. In addition, because of this framework being of disseminated type, the correspondence between the executives of the focal servers and nearby administrators or customers is totally subject to accessibility of web/organize (Fuller and Millett, 2011). The product framework takes full ass istance of GPS or Global Positioning System and Wi-Fi or GSM systems (Global System for Mobile correspondence). GPS framework works completely depending on the gathering of signs by radio. Hence satellite disappointment or radio impedance can cause gigantic difficulties in the correspondence procedure. Then again, breaking down of the Wi-Fi systems can upset the exhibition of the general framework. Issues experienced during cooperation and correspondence The issues that can most be confronted with respect to correspondence and cooperation in this product framework are: Invigorate work in the guide was not organizing appropriately. The data board had a few challenges to show refreshed data. The presentation button had experienced a few issues and was not working appropriately beforehand. The system used to execute span around the fire-influenced territory was not working appropriately. The highlights utilized for activity of fireman, territory chief and watch director in the guide were not continually coordinating the positions. The assets that are found and set apart in the area on the guide should be imparted straightforwardly to the focal server (Liu and Dong, 2011). Additionally, there were a few issues with respect to the database association and synchronization of sign in and other database data. Correspondence with the database engineers must be sorted out so as to take care of the issues. Likewise there was some issue with the correspondence among the coders as there a correspondence brokenness in the gitlab (de Haan, Vrancken and Lukszo, 2011). The correspondence is commonly completed basically with the assistance of systems. Along these lines organize framework should be sufficiently able to help the correspondence procedure (Hinsen, 2013). In addition, the joint effort improvement through the assistance of form control approach experiences a few challenges because of the distinctive coding style and approaches of the product engineers situated in better places. Regularly there are situations when the job of a specific individual associated with an episode isn't clear (Kuhn and Bergel, 2014). In those cases replaying the entire occurrence additionally doesn't help now and again. Approach to manage the issues By centralization of the dispersed stage, sharing of significant with the customers or clients is conceivable in a convenient way (Leon, 2000). This thusly causes them to pick up knowledge to the extend and work together all the while. On the off chance that the product engineers and coders can work from a typical station and the sharing and converging of their codes are done viably dependent on solid correspondence techniques then there will be less issues which may manifest. The use of the correspondence stages, for example, base camp which was utilized can be enhanced for greatest profitability and least mistakes (Liu and Dong, 2011). Correspondence and appropriate co-activity are significant elements with regards to dealing with another framework over a system. One approach to determine the issue of correspondence is make the data accessible in legitimate stations. Additionally the framework can be overseen in such technique so that in a theoretical viewpoint or from the perspective of the client/customer the stage is an incorporated area. Clarification of what should be possible in an unexpected way So as to dispose of the issues that were looked during the advancement of the product framework, a portion of the moves can be made in an alternate methodology. The database association issues can be settled by adjusting the prescribed procedures of database the board utilizing PHP applications. The open strategies and close techniques for database availability must be performed effectively by the database heads and database clients dealing with the overhead that may be caused (Kuhn and Bergel, 2014). Also, the adjustment of implanted Ethernet could acquire positive changes and enhancements to the framework. In any case the adjustments of Midlands Fire Service Company are very fitting considering the nature and sort of framework they a

The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Twelve

â€Å"Good practice,† Christopher stated, halting close to Matt as he took off of the storage space. €Å"you are very brave moves, man.† â€Å"Thanks,† Matt stated, looking up from putting on his shoes. â€Å"You were glancing truly acceptable out there yourself.† He could tel Christopher would have been a strong colleague, the sort of fellow who carried out his responsibility and concentrated on the master plan, attempting to help the remainder of the group. He was an extraordinary flat mate, as well, liberal and laid-back. He didn't wheeze. â€Å"Want to avoid the eating hal and request a pizza?† Christopher inquired. â€Å"This is my night to beat you at Guitar Hero †I can feel it.† Matt chuckled. In the couple of weeks they'd been living respectively, he and Christopher had been working their way through al the Wii games Christopher had carried with him to class. â€Å"Al right, I'l see you back at the room.† Christopher slapped him on the back, smiling broadly. After Christopher left, Matt took as much time as is needed getting his things together, letting the different folks escape the storage space in front of him. He wanted to stroll back to the quarters alone this evening. They were a pleasant pack of folks, yet he was sore and tired. Between footbal practices and Vitale Society promise exercises, he'd never worked his body so hard. It felt better. He felt better. Indeed, even the most ridiculous of the Vitale exercises †and some of them were really idiotic: they'd needed to work in groups to assemble houses out of paper a few evenings ago †were somewhat fun, since he was becoming more acquainted with some astonishing individuals. Ethan had been correct. As a gathering, the vows were shrewd, decided, gifted, all that you'd anticipate. Also, he was one of them. His classes were fascinating, as well. Back in secondary school he'd gotten alright evaluations however had for the most part simply done what he needed to do to pass. The Civil War, geometry, science, To Kill a Mockingbird: al his homework had kind of mixed away from plain sight of his genuine of companions and sports. Some of what he was doing at Dalcrest was that way, as well, however in a large portion of his classes, he was beginning to see associations between things. He was getting the possibility that history, language, science, and writing were al parts of something very similar †the manner in which individuals thought and the accounts they told †and it was genuine y quite intriguing. It was conceivable, Matt idea, with a self-taunting smile, that he was â€Å"blossoming† in col ege, much the same as his secondary school direction advisor had anticipated. It wasn't ful y dull yet, however time was slipping away. Matt accelerated, pondering pizza. There weren't many individuals wandering the grounds. Matt speculated they were either in the cafeteria or stayed in their rooms, apprehensive. He wasn't concerned, however. He figured there were significantly more defenseless focuses than a footbal player. A breeze fired up, waving the parts of the trees on the quad and floating the smel of grass to Matt. It stil felt like summer. In the brambles, a couple of early-night fireflies flickered on and off. He rol ed his shoulders, getting a charge out of the stretch after a long practice. Up ahead, somebody shouted. A person, Matt idea. The cry cut off unexpectedly. Before he could even think, Matt was running toward the sound. His heart was beating, and he attempted to constrain his worn out legs to move quicker. That was a sound of unadulterated frenzy, Matt idea. He stressed his ears however didn't hear anything with the exception of his own worn out breaths. As he came around the business assembling, a dim figure that had been twisted around something in the grass removed, its long thin legs flying. It was moving quick, and its face was totally hidden by a hoodie. Matt couldn't check whether it was a person or a young lady. He calculated his own step to race after the figure in dark yet went to an unexpected stop by the shape in the grass. Not only a shape. For a second, Matt's brain wouldn't process what he was seeing. The red and gold of a footbal pullover. Wet, thick fluid spreading across it. A recognizable face. At that point everything snapped into center. He dropped to his knees. â€Å"Christopher, gee golly, Christopher.† There was blood all over. Matt frantical y felt at Christopher's chest, attempting to make sense of where he could put strain to attempt to stop the dying. All over the place, all over the place, it's originating from all over. Christopher's entire body was shaking, and Matt squeezed his hands against the drenching footbal shirt to attempt to hold him stil . New blood ran in thick ruby streams against the more splendid red of the shirt's material. â€Å"Christopher, man, hang tight, it will be alright. You'l be okay,† Matt stated, and pul ed out his telephone to dial 911. His own hands were secured with blood now, and the telephone was a disgusting chaos as he held it to his ear. â€Å"Please,† he stated, his voice shaking, â€Å"I'm at Dalcrest Col ege, close to the business building. My flat mate, somebody assaulted my flat mate. He's draining a great deal. He's not conscious.† The 911 administrator began to pose him a few inquiries and Matt attempted to center. Out of nowhere Christopher opened his eyes, taking a profound swallow of air. â€Å"Christopher,† Matt stated, dropping his telephone. â€Å"Chris, they're sending an emergency vehicle, hold on.† The shaking deteriorated, Christopher's arms and legs vibrating in a quick beat. His eyes chose Matt's face, and his mouth opened. â€Å"Chris,† Matt stated, attempting to hold him down, attempting to be delicate, â€Å"who did this? Who assaulted you?† Christopher panted once more, a raspy swallowing sound. At that point the shaking halted, and he was very stil . His eyelids slid down over his eyes. â€Å"Chris, if it's not too much trouble hold on,† Matt asked. â€Å"They're coming. They'l help you.† He snatched at Christopher, shook him a bit, yet Christopher wasn't moving, wasn't relaxing. Alarms sounded out yonder, yet Matt realized the emergency vehicle was at that point past the point of no return.

Austerity Measures of European Governments Essay - 1

Starkness Measures of European Governments - Essay Example Therefore, it caused a few issues which it was planned to determine. With political inspirations, administrations of the Euro zone have created severity measures to exhibit their order to their loan bosses and FICO score organizations. The legislatures basically focused on government spending to diminish their spending shortfalls since they were legitimately influenced by the sovereign obligation emergency which made their spending shortages comparative with GDP to take off essentially (Traynor and Katie Allen 2010). In this way, the somberness measures were centered around the administration, in spite of the fact that it effectsly affected all parts of the economy in the influenced nations. Increment of assessments as a major aspect of the starkness measures is additionally expected for the residents, organizations and organizations of those nations. For this situation, the individuals and organizations in the nation were made to pay for the administration shortfall. This expanded t he issues of the Euro zone as opposed to lessening or explaining them. In 2010-2011 when the somberness measures were utilized, every single European nation with the exception of Germany encountered an expanded in open obligation to GDP proportion. For example, the open obligation of Greece expanded from 143% in 2010 to 165% in 2011 (Eurostat 2013). This shows as the spending deficiencies declined, the GDP development was not adequate to help the rising proportion of obligation to-GDP. The motivation behind why gravity measures bombed in the Euro zone is on the grounds that the issues of sovereign obligation emergency after the 2008 money related emergency were not brought about by approach decisions. Following the 2008 emergency, private part conservation happened and capital record surpluses expanded. In any case, the gravity measures didn't focus on these divisions. Rather, it focused on the administration; henceforth getting counterproductive (Blyth 2013).

Peer Pressure And Social Media - Free Essay Example

Peer pressure in modern society is intensified by social media, countless individuals are addicted to it, and are slaves to comparing themselves to others. It is an omnipresent influence in daily life, and many cant go a single hour without scrolling through feeds. Individuals allow social media to shape their decisions, making individuals a slave to society just like the Allegory of the Cave about human, by Plato. The Allegory of the Cave is about human perception, the slaves didnt know they were in slavery. Peer pressure is not as overt as it used to be, it can be in the form of likes and comments on the internet, it uses this tactic to keep individuals enslaved. It specifically targets youths who are easily pressured into illusion, over truth. Teenagers are the most disenfranchised by social media because they are young and looking for answers about life choices like, what to wear, what to do, and who to look up to. Bullies prey on teenage insecurities during that developmental inquiry, and use the internet as a tool to peer pressure them into conforming to the group. Social media has intensified all aspects of peer pressure, and has drastically changed the lives of adolescents. As we all know from personal experience, teenagers do not always make the right decisions. For example, many would choose eating pizza every night as opposed to salad. They know that salad is better for them, but they choose to eat the pizza anyways. However, many teenagers will know that something is detrimental to their health and choose to do it nonetheless because everyone is doing it. Many have heard of the recent, tide pod challenge where teens and young adults bite into the liquid laundry detergent and watch the soap erupt from their mouths. Obviously this is an extremely hazardous and idiotic thing to do, but it was trending. It was gaining likes and comments, and the pressure to be popular outweighed the potential risks. The same applies for drinking, and taking drugs. Underage drinking and partying is idolized over the internet, the more intoxicated you are, the more attention you recieve. Many post pictures of their drinks, and videos of themselves and friends completely w asted because it attracts attention on social media. It isnt enough to have one or two drinks, many are pressured into binge drinking because of the reaction it receives, More than 90% of the alcohol consumed by underage drinkers occurs during binge drinking episodes. (Gonzales). Again, the pressure to be popular and fit in, outweighed the potential risks. They know that binge drinking can cause, nausea, stupidity, rapid heart rate, and even blacking out. Yet by throwing up and blacking out, they will only attract more recognition from peers. Teenagers make bad decisions and unconsciously pressure others into participating when they receive positive attention, for a negative activity. Teenagers need to know that itrs only an illusion that everyone is doing it, so that they can try to avoid peer pressure. Teenagers are pressured into sexual activity over social media, and are targets for sexual harassment by adults 18+. When the app Snapchat was created, it didnt take long before teenagers learned they could send sultry or inappropriate photos over the internet. They were soon pressured by their crushes to send pictures of their privates because they disappear afterwards. So what could be the harm? This for many young adults, was the first sexual activity they were introduced to. Again, teenagers do not make good decisions and popularized sending nudes in attempt to make it a normal part of flirting with someone over the internet. It doesnt stop there, many will send complete strangers photos of their intimates and many of those strangers are over 18. Perverts and child molesters alike use social media to prey on childrenrs stupidity over the internet. They often use catfishing which is where a person uses someone elsers identity over the internet and talks to an unknowing person. Som etimes they dont bother to make another identity, they will lie about age, or simply convince the teen that they are trustworthy. The most scary of all, is when the adolescents have no idea their images are being saved, and even passed around, In 2016, an Australian website made world news when explicit photos of local school girls were being traded amongst users. Other sources and fan pages even started offering money to users who could find more photos of their favorites. Unbelievably, the worst part isnt even the fact that these girls are now being targeted, and their photos are being sold and traded by perverts, but rather that their images have been used without consent, and itrs very well possible that these girls are completely oblivious. (Lamm). Point being, perverts and child molesters are preying on these photos, that teenagers themselves have deemed acceptable to send on the internet. They arent able to differentiate between friend or foe, and they dont know they are being taken advantage of. Social media normalized sending naked pictures to friends and crushes, then because of that normalization, made teenagers relaxed about sending them to complete strangers. Teenagers could only see the illusion that social media created, when the truth was that they were being targeted and used. Teenagers were insecure about their body image even before the internet was created. Today, social media determines the standards of beauty, and if you dont fit within that standard you are often subject to bullying and harassment. Social media magnified the importance of looking flawless and created more pressure to fit in with the trends. With all the pressure to look flawless online, what someone looks like on the internet is not always what they look like in real life, While the influence of digitally altered images is one of many factors involved in mainstream media, most people can now curate their own images to their liking with a swipe of their fingertip, thanks in part to an array of free applications for smartphones. People now have the ability to add filters, brighten their eyes, craft how they want their body to appear, whiten teeth, and more. (Cole). Models, and celebrities alike edit and reconstruct their photos to make themselves look like the standard of beauty because the truth is that they dont fit into it either. The beauty standards are completely unachievable because they arent real. That celebrity has such a skinny waist because she edited it, but the girl who looks up to her and is starving herself to look like her, doesnt know that. Teenagers and adults go to disturbing lengths to achieve beauty standards, plastic surgery, waist training, starving themselves, and more. Social media creates unrealistic standards and illusions of beauty and then shames girls for not looking like that image. In recent years, social media has started to take steps towards revolutionizing those unachievable standards and teaching all people of different shapes, colors, and sizes to love themselves, but there is still far to go. In conclusion, social media is neither good nor bad, but is a platform that many have used for evil. Itrs bad when people believe that everything on the internet is true, and blindly follow its orders. Teenagers are not the only demographic that is affected by its false representation. My mom taught me not to eat tide pods, but she didnt teach me that beauty standards on the internet were outrageous because she didnt know. Parents dont know that their teens are being pressured online, because they dont even know that they themselves are being pressured online. Teenagers are the most disenfranchised by social media only because they are young and more gullible than adults. It didnt change our lives because we grew up with it, but definitions of peer pressure and bullying were immensely changed by it. My age group was born when social media was born, we dont know a life without it. Our parents didnt know the effects of it, we had to navigate it on our own, and we were the lab rats.

Veteran Affairs and PTSD Research Paper - 1375 Words

Veteran Affairs and PTSD (Research Paper Sample) Content: Veteran Affairs and PTSDName:Institution: Veteran Affairs and PTSDIntroduction Posttraumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, refers to an anxiety disorder that can develop after an individuals exposure to traumatic events such as the threat of death, accidents, serious injury, or assault. The diagnosis of PTSD may result when a set of symptoms such as high levels of anxiety (hyperarousal), disturbing recurrence of flashbacks, and the numbing or avoidance of memories of the traumatizing event persist for extended periods, usually more than a month following the traumatic event. Because of combat conditions, war veterans are predisposed to PTSD (Kulkarni, Porter Rauch, 2012, p. 273). A growing number of war veterans have been seeking treatment for PTSD at the Department of Veteran Affairs. PTSD is categorized as an anxiety disorder, and the attributes are not present before experience of the violently traumatic event. Characteristically, the individual with PTSD will avoid all thoughts, discussions, and emotions of the stress-causing event and may experience memory loss or amnesia. Nonetheless, the individual commonly relives the event through disturbing, recurrent flashbacks, recollections and nightmares.Pathophysiology of PTSDNeuroendocrinology PTSD symptoms may come about following the experience of a traumatic incident that leads to an abnormal adrenaline response, causing profound neurological patterns in an individuals brain that can endure long after the causal event, which causes the individual to be hyper-responsive to future terrifying or anxiety-causing situations. During the traumatic experience, increased levels of stress hormones are often secreted, which smother hypothalamic activity and may be the major factor that contributes towards PTSD development. PTSD causes certain biochemical changes in the body and brain that is different from other disorders (Beck Sloan, 2012, p. 169). Individuals with PTSD have unceasingly low serotonin lev els, which may lead to behavioral symptoms such as irritability, anxiety, aggression, ruminations, impulsivity, and suicidal tendencies. The levels of dopamine in PTSD patients can contribute to the symptoms that are characteristic of the condition. Low dopamine levels can lead to apathy, anhedonia, motor deficits, and impaired attention while increased levels may cause agitation, psychosis, and restlessness. PTSD Among Military Veterans The scars of warfare often take a number of forms, from the loss of limbs to illnesses due to battlefield exposure and the psychological toll of experiencing extreme traumatic events. PTSD among military veterans endures to be an important concern with projected prevalence rates of fifteen percent among Vietnam-era war veterans, between two and ten percent among the first Gulf War veterans, and between eleven and twenty-two percent among active duty troops and veterans of the incursions in Afghanistan and Iraq. These rates, together with the docu mented, multidimensional injury and mutilation associated with PTSD create a pressing need for the better understanding and treatment of this disorder in this population (Kulkarni, Porter Rauch, 2012, p. 276). Two emotion-related indicators of PTSD, which are anger and dissociation, are well-known risk factors associated with the development and progress of PTSD. They are also significant problems among war veterans with PTSD.Anger among PTSD War Veterans Anger is often associated with a number of negative consequences such as impulsive aggression, inadequate treatment outcomes, increased aggression, as well as substance misuse. The trauma survivors who report increased heights of anger among both civilian and veteran populations are more likely to meet PTSD criteria. In addition, the level of anger among war veterans often differentiates those with and without PTSD. An increased level of anger is frequently associated with severe overall PTSD, even following the removal of stresso r events. According to Orth and Wieland (2006), the intensity of the relationship between anger and PTSD is significant across trauma types, even though it is most pronounced among military war veterans. Dissociation among PTSD War Veterans Dissociation is defined as the difficulty in integrating feelings, thoughts, and experiences into coherent memory and consciousness. Increased symptoms of dissociation, both in the course of and after exposure to the traumatic event, are associated with higher prevalence and increased asperity of PTSD among civilian and military population. Increased dissociation levels, both during and after traumatic events, have been found to be more marked among war veterans with PTSD than those without. This has been predictive of PTSD condition even after the management of the level of combat exposure (Kulkarni, Porter Rauch, 2012, p. 272). However, the connections between dissociation and symptoms of PTSD, which are numbing/avoidance, intrusion, and hyper arousal, are still obscured. For example, studies conducted on female war veterans who served in the Vietnam war indicate dissociation as predictive of intrusive and avoidance symptoms. Conversely, an increased dissociation level has only been related to symptoms of arousal in a section of male Australian Vietnam War veterans. Anger and Dissociation In combination, anger and dissociation are key factors in the development, as well as the maintenance of PTSD. Additionally, increased levels of anger and dissociation have often been associated with inferior mental health outcomes (that is, social impairment and PRSD). Dissociation and anger are complimentary manners of emotional detachment from the traumatic experience that involve problematic coping mechanism consistent with emotional avoidance (Kulkarni, Porter Rauch, 2012, p. 272). Even though these results are undeniable and compelling, replication and extension are necessary in the understanding of the relationship between dissociation, anger, and PTSD among war veterans.Trauma, Criminal Involvement, and Negative Affect in Afghanistan and Iraq War Veterans War veterans who served in Afghanistan and Iraq who struggle with emotional outbursts and anger resulting from combat trauma are more likely to be apprehended for criminal misdemeanor compared to other veterans (Elbogen et al, 2012, p. 1100). Even though criminal conduct among veterans has been viewed as a growing problem, less is known regarding why some veterans are more prone to arrests than others are. Criminal behavior theories suggest that individuals who have had exposure to traumatic events and stressful environments and who report negative emotions such as irritability and anger, show elevated risks of antisocial conduct. As more psychologically-scarred soldiers returned from active duty in Afghanistan and Iraq, societys concern for and focus on these soldiers, as well as their psychological disorders increased. With studies substantiating the validity of PTSD diagnosis and the real impact of the condition on the conduct of war veterans, greater emphasis may be accorded to the hypothesis that PTSD is a disorder that gives a basis for a mental status defense, which include insanity, self-defense, and lack of mens rea.Management of PTSDPsychological Numerous variations of psychotherapy have been suggested for trauma-related complications such as PTSD. Simple counseling practices in treating PTSD include basic education about the condition, as well as providing safety and support (Benedek Wynn, 2011, p. 36). Some psychotherapy programs th...

Concert Report Jacqueline Pretorius - 976 Words

Concert Report – Jacqueline Pretorius I did attend the â€Å"Tosco Music Party† on January 30, 2016 at the Knight Theater in Charlotte, NC. The Tosco Music Party originated from informal gatherings and is now a regular sight and popular attraction featuring several artists. The first group to perform was the Moore Brothers Band. They are an Americana trio which consists of a mandolin, a guitar and a bass instrument. The mandolin had a smooth, classical sound. The sound of the guitar can be described as harmonious and warm. A low pitched tone was produced by the bass instrument. I think that that these three instruments complimented each other and as a result the end product was sounds that flowed together very nicely. Next to perform was†¦show more content†¦This was followed by a performance of Amy Speace – she is a Folk/Americana singer-songwriter. She is using a guitar in order to provide music for her songs. She has an interesting voice that is complimented by the sound of the guitar. Next to perform was the very impressive Tuvan throat singing group, Alash. They have used amongst other instruments an igil and a doshpuluur. The igil produced a very rich sound while the doshpuluur produced a soft, smooth like sound that blended very well with the noise produced by the throat singers. Singer-songwriter Pierce Pettis performed next. He effectively used the warm sounds produced by a guitar as guidance for his performance. This was followed by a performance by vocalist K. Omari Wilkerson. He has a very distinctive voice that is pleasant on the ear. Myers Park High School s 12-member, all-female a cappella group, the Sallies performed next. They have managed to deliver an excellent performance and the combination of their voices resulted in a very pleasant musical experience. This was followed by the bluegrass band Charlotte-towne Collective. They have effectively used the deep, distinct sounds of an upright bass and the lively sounds produced by a five-string banjo to give a pleasant performance. Next up was the John Shaughnessy Trio. They have managed to find a very pleasant balance between a fretless piccolo bass, synthesizers and drums. The combination of the sound produced by these different instruments is lively and

Management in Leadership - 7434 Words

Final Exam Case Analysis MGMT 7135: Seminar in Leadership and Team Building Table of Contents Performance Management Model..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Communications.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12 Leadership...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 Conflict.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..16 Perception†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..17 Team Performance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..18 As Regional Director for Happy Face Frozen Foods (HFFF), I hold a great responsibility to meet sales projection levels at each of my sales districts. Hitting goal is not just a numbers game- it’s a task of managing people within the culture of the organization. My ultimate goal for District IV and district manager Tony’s performance†¦show more content†¦Because Tony is involved in some of the unethical action, a quick response is needed at the management and subordinate level. Nielson’s guidelines for changing unethical organizational behaviors are not easy, but start with an intervention strategy implemented by corporate guidelines and myself. Caution should be used as I could be misled on details, and do not want to damage relationships and hurt the organization unnecessarily. The advantage of leading an ethical change increases incremental performance, but must include Tony in the process of establishing ethical rules and procedures in order to imple ment long-term. Rallying others to agree for the good of the organization takes consensus building through patience and relationship building, and can happen with ability and courage. Tony perceives his abilities for his own â€Å"book of business† as a successful sales person to be a major part of his job requirement. As a superior, my perception of his skills and traits lack the ability to manage his people, and his personal success makes me doubt his capabilities even more as he ignores his job requirements to train and coach his sales team, especially the two brand new employees. Tony needs to understand the importance of socialization practices, and appreciate the problem of transitioning a new employee. To prepare Tony in the training of his team, helpful mechanisms to utilize change are found in the elements of Schein’s organizationShow MoreRelatedLeadership And Management And Leadership1569 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership is about seeking constructive change a nd management is about establishing order (Northouse, 2015). Warren Bennis (1997) wrote in  Learning to Lead: A Workbook on Becoming a Leader  that â€Å"There is a profound difference between management and leadership, and both are important. To manage means to bring about, to accomplish, to have charge of or responsibility for, to conduct. Leading is influencing, guiding in a direction, course, action, opinion. 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Many would say these are the same thing, when in reality they are not. They are two different styles that are used when operating a business and using the right one at the right time isRead MoreLeadership, Management, And Management876 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership and Management Name Institutional Affiliation Leadership and Management The achievements of organizations depend on their management and the manner in which their leaders conduct several operations within the organization. It is worth mentioning that successful organizations attribute their positive impacts in the market and general employee-employer relation to the influence spearheaded by the management team (Hiriyappa, 2013). This paper narrows down to evaluateRead MoreLeadership And Management And Leadership1173 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership is a term that is often misunderstood and misinterpreted in the business world. In the world of CEOs, CFOs, vice-presidents and managers, it is important to distinguish the difference between what is considered management and what is considered leadership. While these two terms are not mutually exclusive, but it is imperative that they are not comprehended as mutually inclusive either. In this context, I will be comparing leadership and management as presented in the college textbookRead MoreLeadership And Management : Leadership1126 Words   |  5 PagesAs we know that, leadership is nothing. But the influencing flowers. Leadership includes three fundamental clusters of skills creating vision, garnering commitment to that vision, an managing progress toward the realization of that vision. powerful and effective leaders plays very vital role to reach the maximum production for any organization. This is why, Organizational renowned scholars have been studying of this very significant topic of leadership for literally hundreds of years. Because.Read MoreManagement Vs. 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American Family and Traditions - 6646 Words

COLEGIUL NATIONAL â€Å"RADU GRECEANU† [pic] STUDENT: TEACHER: TÄ‚RÄ‚ÅžILÄ‚ ANCA FLORENTINA POPA LIANA SLATINA 2012 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. CHAPTER 1: The American Family 4 2.1 A Definition of the Family 4 2.2 What is it Like to be a Young Person in the United States? 4 2.3 Education 5 2.4 The Effects of Divorce in the United States 6 2.5 Interview with an American Teenager 6 3. CHAPTER 2: American Traditions 8 3.1 Christmas Traditions 8 3.2 The Yellow Ribbon 10 3.3 The Window†¦show more content†¦Children in the US start preschool or nursery school at age four or under, kindergarten at five years of age. Schools provide American children with much more than academic education. More than 80 percent of all students participate in extracurricular activities, such as sports, student newspapers, drama clubs, choral groups and bands. During their leisure time, American kids spend much time watching television, listening to music or playing computer games, but many also have after school jobs. One recent study indicated that nine out of 10 teenagers said they either had a job or would like one. Child labor laws set restrictions on the types of work that youths under 16 years can do. Many youths work part-time on weekends or after school at fast-food restaurants, baby-sit for neighbors, hold delivery jobs or work in stores. Many youths are also involved in community service organizations or are active in church and religious-group activities. Other belong to youth groups such as Girl Scouts or Boy Scouts, were they learn about citizenship, arts, camping and other outdoor activities. Thousands of young Americans volunteer to help take care of the elderly, the handicapped and hospital patients, or help clean up the environment. Even though for most American children and teenagers life today is nearly free of serious conflict, young people are still under many types of stress. Peer pressure, changing family conditions, mobility of families, unemploymentShow MoreRelatedMy Grandfather And My Grandmother Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesMy American roots are made up of my families traditions and history. I interviewed two family members, my grandfather and my grandmother. Each one brings a different background which made them the best option. American roots are a built by families. Each family has its own traditions and ideals. For my gr andparents, their American roots were built completely different from each other. Family has a major impact on an individual s life, it is the starting point of ones American roots. My American rootsRead MoreThe Namesake, A Winner Of The Pulitzer Prize, By Jhumpa Lahiri1026 Words   |  5 Pagesof culture clash between American and Indian tradition. As the story transitions, the theme is exhibit by the struggles the Ganguli family went through in America such as Gogol’s name, influence Indian traditions into the Gangulis lives of the children, and the failures in the love affairs Gogol faced. The novel and film The Namesake both do one excellent job portraying the growth in culture of two traditions expanding within society in the American and Indian traditions. To be more exact, throughoutRead MoreHeritage Assessment1611 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influence of Heritage on Current Culture Evaluation of how family subscribes to these traditions and practices is offered in detail, while offering insight and/or reflection.It is essential for nurses to provide culturally sensitive care to each and every patient in order to establish repor and maintain a safe working relationship with each individual. To provide culturally sensitive care to a nurses patient’s he or she must first assess their own beliefs, values, and culture at large. TheRead MoreHeritage Assessment Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesOne’s heritage includes information about their cultural beliefs and practices of the family and ethno religious community (Jarvis, C., 2012). Through a heritage assessment the nurse can obtain a vast amount of information about the patient/ family, including but not limited to, where ancestors were born, how many siblings they have, if the family originated in another country, how often time is spent with family, religion, if the patient prefers the company of peo ple with the same values and religionRead MoreThe Destruction Of A Culture1277 Words   |  6 Pagesevery day. Therefore, American culture is a diverse mix of customs and traditions from almost every region of the world. However, any culture with the value of the traditions and beliefs can be greatly weakened when introduced to a new and overpowering culture. It happens quite frequently to families that move to a new city or country with different lifestyles. 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Cultures define my life with romance, traditions, language, and friendship. The autobiography I chose is â€Å"Korea is My Heart and My Soul, America is My Mind and Spirit† by Leah Lee. It is about a woman whose conflict is with herself, her Korean and American cultures, and her values. The article I choseRead MoreA Culture Event I Attended Was A Christmas Holiday Parade894 Words   |  4 PagesA culture event I attended was a Christmas Holiday Parade. I choose this event because this holiday can be interpreted in multiple different ways throughout the world. Differing cultures, societies, family traditions, and religion, are all factors on how each person celebrates this particular cultural holiday. Christmas Day is a huge occasion that is acknowledged and honored by many every year. 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Andrew tells us that before he came from Vietnamese he used to conduct the rituals in his family but after coming to America, he changed and became rebellious. On the other hand, Andrew ‘s mother is still tight with the traditions of Vietnamese, she is even afraid that Andrew has become too American. His mother refers

Racial Discrimination Effect on Labor Market - 2767 Words

The earliest form of racial discrimination against Asian Americans was encountered during the California Gold Rush. The Gold Rush attracted Chinese immigrants who came to California to fill the high demand for laborers. However, as more and more Chinese immigrated to California and the lower-paying labor jobs were filled, the Chinese began filling higher-paying positions typically held by Whites. As a result, an anti-Chinese Movement was formed followed by the enactment of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 which prevented any additional Chinese immigration into the United States. Essentially, Chinese were discriminated against by the Whites due to fear of the Chinese taking over their jobs. After World War II, the federal government ended†¦show more content†¦In most cases, the relationship between education and wages is widely accepted since lower education level equates to lower knowledge and skills, qualifying workers for only low-paying jobs. Also, the inability to spea k fluent English may have hindered Hispanic wages and employment. The inability to communicate in English affects individuals’ performance especially in jobs that require close interaction with English-speaking customers (16). Latinos working on a full-time basis earned approximately $549 per week in 2011 which represented only 71% of what was earned by Whites. This wage gap has been steady even during recession periods. However, unlike other ethnic minority groups, the wage disparities between Whites and Latinos are also clearly attributable to differences in education, work experience, and other demographic characteristics (Charles and Guryan 510). According to the statistics from researchers, the effect of poor English on wages varies, with some reports indicating 30% of the wage disparity between Hispanics and Whites is attributable to the language barrier. Hispanics who do not speak English are relegated to positions which require little to no customer interaction, pr imarily in the agricultural industry. The challenge of speaking fluent English is common among the Hispanics. As noted in 1976, only 18% of the Hispanic workers in the United States spoke fluent or even partially-fluent English. In 1979, the overall annual earnings forShow MoreRelatedRacial Discrimination Effect on Labor Market Essay2419 Words   |  10 Pagesto be, considered in hiring and wage determination processes yet which continue to have tremendous effect on employment in this country. In an effort to better understand how these attributes contribute to the job climate, our term paper will examine the effects of ethnicity on wages and employment rates in the United States. The U.S. population is extremely diverse, including people of all racial and ethnic backgrounds such as Native Americans (mainly Whites), African Americans, Asian AmericansRead MoreRelationship Between Players’ Salary and Racial Discrimination in Major League Baseball1335 Words   |  6 Pages Racial discrimination in professional sports has always been an issue and committees in professional sports are trying their best to eliminate racial discrimination from both inside and outside of the field. Major League Baseball is one of the professional sports leagues that has a long history about racial discrimination. Relating with this, it is questionable that if racial discrimination affects on players’ salary in MLB. If so, how does racial discrimination affects on the salary and what areRead MoreAs One Ventures Out Into The World To Seek Employment There1083 Words   |  5 Pagesimplications of discrimination pertaining to the low-wage labor market based on the research findings within the article, Discrimination in a Low-Wage Labor Market: A Field Experiment. Thesis The liberalization of racial equality within the workplace came into fruition with the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Conversely, there are major disparities that persist today within the labor market. To understand this matter the article, Discrimination in a Low-Wage Labor Market: A Field ExperimentRead MoreThe Evolution Of Workplace Diversity1115 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to (â€Å"The evolution of workplace diversity† 5) in 1987, Secretary of Labor, William Brock commissioned a study of economic and demographic trends by the Hudson Institute. This study became the landmark book Workforce 2000 – Work and Workers in the Twenty First Century (â€Å"Workforce 2000†). Workforce 2000 highlighted five demographic factors that would impact the U.S. labor market, and with it, the motivation for diversity initiatives in the workplace: 1. The population and the workforceRead MoreRacial Discrimination And Its Effect On Society1080 Words   |  5 P agesThroughout history and even today, racial discrimination continues to be persuasive in the world, especially in employment. Unfortunately, one’s race and background can affect their ability of getting a job. There may be many different reasons and causes as to why there is such an effect with one’s employment opportunity. Yet, racial norms have been embedded in labor markets and have shaped many different preferences ever since the start of it. Therein lies the problem of race in its ability to changeRead MoreConfucian Beliefs And Its Impact On Society939 Words   |  4 Pagesto the Oxford English Dictionary, the term â€Å"Human Capital† refers to â€Å"the skills the labor force possesses and is regarded as a resource or asset.† Essentially, it identifies that there are investments made in people and these investments can positively affect an individual’s production. Generally, higher education is linked with higher wages, however the returns to education are different across various racial groups. Although, Confucian beliefs strongly influences Asians to have a greater desireRead MoreThe Canadian Labor Market Of Canada1274 Words   |  6 PagesThere is a very strong emphasis on human rights systems and laws to address discrimination in Canada. Unfortunately simultaneously, Canadians also have a heritage of racism. It is not targeted only at Aboriginal persons, contrary to a common belief; it is also targeted towards other groups also, consisting of Chinese, African, South Asian, Japanese, Muslim and Jewish Canadians. Even today the Canadian structures and systems are affected by this legacy distressing the lives of everyone and especiallyRead MoreGlobalization and Its Affect on Racism1528 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization and its Effect on Racism Racism, in the Oxford English Dictionary, is defined as Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one’s own race is superior, and, The belief that all members of each race possess characteristics, abilities, or qualities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races. The essence of both definitions seems to be that specificRead MoreDiscrimination Within Private Physical Therapy Practices1354 Words   |  6 PagesDiscrimination refers to the unequal treatment of persons based on characteristics that are illegitimate for or irrelevant to the outcome in question. I believe that discrimination within privately owned physical therapy practices occurs often. The goal on gender equality and impact of gender discrimination varies from country to country, depending on the social, cultural and economic context. Anti-discrimination laws have performed a crit ical role in expanding work place opportunities for womenRead MoreAnalysis Of Kaffir Boy : The True Story Of A Black Youth Essay1534 Words   |  7 Pagesarticle is just one example of a society submerged in white authority. Historically, the apartheid of South Africa is a poignant example of racial division and discrimination. Evidence of racial division is still visible throughout the fairly new democratic nation. European settlements during the 20th century were a direct result of white supremacy and deep racial division, in an attempt to build up a capitalist economy that benefited the white South African elite and lowered the social status of many

Ininternet Addiction and How It Affects Educational Success free essay sample

Many people carry out most of their daily activities using the internet, for example, banking, paying bills and trading which has led to a marked dependence on the internet. According to the Center for On-Line Addiction (1998), there are several types of internet addiction: The first is Cyber-sexual Addiction where people get addicted to pornography on the internet. The second is Cyber-relationship Addiction where people make on-line friends in chatrooms and soon the online friends replace life friends and family. The third is Net- Compulsions where people engage in different compulsive behaviors such as gambling, auctions and excessive online trading. People develop an internet addiction for different reasons. Some people become addicted to the Internet because of the social connections they make online. This is because they develop emotional attachments to the online friends they ‘meet ’on social networks such as Facebook, Twitter and MySpace. The internet offers anonymity where people can talk about issues that they would not feel free to talk to close friends or family about. We will write a custom essay sample on Ininternet Addiction and How It Affects Educational Success or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The internet also provides a wide array of activities which keeps people online in search of new and exciting forms of entertainment The internet has both positive and negative affects on education. Internet addiction negatively affects the social life of students; it leads to an inability to communicate in the ‘real world’. Lack of communication skills it makes it hard for students to form healthy relationships with their peers at school. The internet can also be very distracting. There are a lot of fun activities on the internet like games and social networks which distracts students from doing their school work. Internet addicts spend a lot of time on the internet which leads to exhaustion due to lack of sleep which in turn leads to a lack of concentration at school. Internet addiction continues to be a major problem in today’s society and measures should be taken to ensure that students who are addicted to the internet receive help in order to continue with their studies. Students should be made aware of the reality of internet addiction and its negative effects on their academic performance. Teachers and parents should also limit the time spent by students on the internet to enable them to achieve better academic excellence. References Centre for Internet Addiction (2011). A Growing Epidemic. Retrieved 5, 2013 from http://www. netaddiction. com Young K. S. (1998). Caught in the net: how to recognize the signs of Internet addiction-and a winning strategy for recovery. New York: J. Wiley.

The Toys “R” Us Lbo Case free essay sample

They want to determine the risks and merits of an investment in Toys R Us, evaluate the spectrum of returns using multiple operating model scenarios, and identify strategic actions that might be undertaken to improve the risk/return profile of the investment. Leverage Buyout (LBO) A leveraged buyout is the purchase of a company by an outside individual, another firm, or the incumbent management using large amounts of debt to finance the purchase. Most often, LBOs are undertaken by private equity firms that specialize in these transactions. The purpose of leveraged buyouts is to allow companies to make large acquisitions without having to commit a lot of capital. An LBO analysis determines the maximum purchase price for a business that can be paid based on certain leverage (debt) and equity return parameter, develops a view of the leverage and equity characteristics of a leveraged transaction at a given price, and calculates the minimum valuation for a company. The returns in an LBO are driven by three factors, which we demonstrate in our topic on creating value in LBOs, including the deleveraging (paying down debt), operational improvement (e. . , margin expansion, revenue growth), and multiple expansion (buying low and selling high). Both equity holder and debt holder bear a high risk. For equity holders, in addition to the operational risk assumed risk arises due to significant financial leverage. Interest costs resulting from substantial amounts of debt are fixed costs that can be defaulted if not paid. Furthermore, small changes in the enterprise value of a company can have a magnified effect on the equity value when the company is highly levered and the value of the debt remains constant. Other than these risks, the equity holder hopes to exit an investment within a five year time frame by either issuing IPO to sell to a strategic buyer or another PE fund, or recapitalization. If the equity holder is unable to exit or is delayed in exiting the investment, it has a negative effect on investor returns. The debt holders bear the risk of default equated with higher leverage as well. Since they have the most senior claims on the assets of the company, they are likely to realize a partial, if not full, return on their investment, even in bankruptcy. Industry dynamics The U. S. Retail Toy Industry is in the mature stage of its life cycle. The growth will likely remain stagnant. Sales were suffering from painful revenue losses during the recession. The Industry demand is heavily dependent on economic factors, dwindling consumer sentiment and disposable income pushed consumers to cut back on discretionary spending. The industry has come under increasing pressure from discount department stores and mass Merchandisers. Retailers have also experienced change due to the influx of imported goods into the market, which has stimulated competition within the industry. In addition, as children are getting older younger, age compression is changing the dynamics of toys and games. There is a clear shift from traditional toys and games to video games. Consumers are willing to pay more for toys that they view as being beneficial to children’s play or learning experiences. Toy industry categories with the largest revenue gains were building sets, arts amp; crafts, infant/preschool and Learning and Exploration. Plush, games/puzzles, vehicles and outdoor amp; sports toys experienced the most significant declines. There are several potential options for the company to improve performance. Having exclusive rights to sell certain toys can be an advantage, as large discount department stores generally carry the most popular products at low prices. Retailing the right product at the right season, like outdoor games in the spring, is important to maximize sales. The continual display and presentation of new toys, games and crafts will attract customers and generate higher sales. Looking into expanding operations and product lines towards video games and other growth segments (e. g. Building sets and action figures). Building up a well-designed online marketing channel can promote efficiency and cost savings. Expanding the international market to avoid the intense competition in the U. S. Retail Toy Industry. Closing underperforming stores to improve liquidity through the expertise of Vornado Realty Trust and reinvest the money back into the operation. Approach In the base case, we assumed 11. 0% compounded annual growth rate. This is based on modest growth in domestic sales, and optimistic expectations for the international, Babies R Us, and online sales. Online sales can save relevant costs of physical display of products and associated costs of running a store. EBITDA margin is assumed higher and will be higher in the near future as the sales grow. Capital expenditure and depreciation amortization expenses are assumed fairly constant over the years . Overall operation will generate enough cash to support debt and interest payments. If Toys R Us would be able to specialize some of baby products, video games and pertain exclusive right to offer popular products, it will help boost sales. International, and online sales will turn out good as well. We assumed 16. 5% of compounded annual growth for the upside case. For the downside case, with a compounded annual growth rate of -4. %, the company will not be able to make interest payments later years. This case suggests that the company will highly likely default on its debt obligation. Conclusion Referring to the adjusted balance sheet close after acquisition for the fiscal year ended as of January, 2005, the total debt of the company was 6,712 million dollars. The total debt-to-EBITDA multiples reached 8. 61x high. We dont think the high total debt-to-EBITDA multiple will be a big problem since the multiples will decrease year by year based on our assumptions. In the base case, if exit multiple is 8. 00, the sponsor return including initial fees will be 4,820. million dollars. The return on investment will be 37. 7%. (Exhibit B) In the upside case, the sponsor return including initial fees will be 7,320. 4 million dollars with a higher ROI of 47. 6%, assume that exit multiple remains the same. (Exhibit C) In the downside case, the LBO sponsors probably wont exit after a 5-year period ending 2010 because they cannot pay all debt and add more value to the firm. Even if they sell the company at 10. 00 x, they will still lose money. (Exhibit D) Even though the base case and the upside case could provide nice returns, we don’t want to join the consortium. The risks are too high in the downside scenario. Exhibit A Prioritized Due Diligence List Items Requested| Reasons| Financial auditAnnual income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statement (last five years)Year to date income statement amp;Current balance sheetCompany’s Properties List ProjectionsDetailed revenue/expenses amp; cash flow/use of funds (12 months)Future capital expendituresFive year summary projections| Access current and historical info to determine overall financial â€Å"health†. Confirmation that the business is what it appears to be. Determine candidates for favorable real estate transaction to boost cash flow. See future sales growth, cost management, and cash flow issues with Toys R Us business. Access future cash needs for growth. | Marketing auditCustomer lists –brief description of target customers in key markets. Interviews with store managers about sales processes and roadmaps. | Ensure future profitability. | Production auditMonthly Toys’ Inventory audit (last three years)Store Visits| To understand the overall stability of toys and how seasonality impact profitability. Verify existing operation and look for inefficiencies. Macro-environment auditIndustry growth trendsInterview with industry expertsOther successful LBOs in the industry| Impact of outside threats and competitions from rivals. Possible exit multiple projection. | Legal/environmental auditBylawsArticles of IncorporationMinutes of all Board of Directors, committee and shareholders meetings and all consents to actions without mee ting. All employment agreements and consultant agreementsAny pending legal actions on Toys R Us and/or felony convictions of its employeesList necessary regulatory approvals and requirements/timeline to achieve. Interview with state / federal government officials| Gain information that will be useful for valuing assets, defining representations and warranties, and/or negotiating price concessionsIdentify potential deal killer defects in the target and avoid a bad business transaction. Understand industry trends and potential governmental involvement down the road. | Management auditFull resumes for key personnelInterviews with Management Team amp; Board MembersInterviews with Company advisors| To understand strengths and backgrounds of each manager. Decide who to keep / who to fire. Dig into company culture. Seek outsiders’ point of view on the company. | Information systems auditList of Legacy systems used| | Compatibility auditIntegration PlanList existing investors and their contact information | Details on execution and different phases of the LBO. Verification that the transaction complies with investment or acquisition criteria. | Reconciliation auditFinal Plan Evaluation| A formal valuation to test whether LP values will be added and where synergies could be generated. | Exhibit B Return Summary (Base Case) Exhibit C Return Summary (Upside Case) Exhibit D Return Summary (Downside Case)

J.P Hayes Essays - East Asia, Geography Of Asia,

J.P Hayes Mr. Bevington English H 20 October 2017 A Nation Born From War The United States of America is a preeminent nation to us citizens who are honored to live and walk on it's surface everyday we wake up. Recently North Korea and their foolish leader have been challenging the pure strength and manpower of the United States armed forces. As U.S citizens we should not stand to let this be okay and pass through our memories while our armed forces stand ready to protect us everyday. We the people of United States of America need not to fear war with North Korea but to embrace it because our nation was created from patriotism which still thrives, we have more men enlisted, and greater firepower on both land and in the air. Our great nation won it's independence from the British by defeating their premier army with a cluster of farmers and regular working class men. In 1776 America and it's people were born from war and still at this very moment we shall be ready for war. If an army made up of untrained and unprepared regular men can defeat the Redcoats, then with our current U.S military we should demolish any adversary. President Donald Trump stated, "Any more threats to the United States will be met with fire and furry like the world has never seen", and as U.S citizens born from war we shall stand behind him. North Korea was in a civil war against South Korea in the 1950's when the land was still known as Korea. The separation of the two happen when an armistice was singed meaning North Korea never won it's independence like America. When the U.S armed forces fight they can stand for those who sacrificed their life in the revolution to liberate America. North Koreans can be patriotic but they can not say that their nation was sparked and won from the idea of patriotism and independence. On the day we first step onto the battlefield against North Korea we should stand shoulder to shoulder as brothers and watch as the enemy fears us. Our great country has 120,002,084 men fit for service at this very moment while the North Koreans only have 10,066,704 men fit for service according to the U.S homeland security. Given these numbers we shall not ease up and loose like the redcoats did to the U.S colonist, but instead we should know that there our eleven times more boots behind our soldier then the North Koreans. The only category of war North Korea has bigger then the U.S is their number of war ships but they still aren't as powerful and long range as the United State's war ships are. The U.S doubles the size of the size of North Korea's war budget, total land power such as tanks, and aircraft power. Not only do we possess more firepower and money then North Korea, but also we have our patriotism on top of that. Rocket Man and North Korea should fear us Americans while we sit back and relax because we have all the power of the world behind us while the enemy has none. For the last time do not back down from any battles but in particular don't back down from the war against the modern era Stalin. We are Americans born from war and war we shall always succeed and fight no matter the odds.

Sample Essay Comparing and Contrasting Elementary School Vs Middle School

Sample Essay Comparing and Contrasting Elementary School Vs Middle SchoolA sample essay that compares and contrasts elementary school to middle school can help you make a decision about which school to attend. You want to make sure you have all the facts before you start choosing a school.For your essay, first decide what it is you are going to compare and contrast. I suggest that you start by considering what type of person you want to be when you grow up. For example, if you want to be a teacher, a career that has great benefits, then you would look at what elementary school to middle school to which you aspire. If you want to be a college professor, you would look at the different courses that are available to you in college.You may also want to include two schools: one elementary school vs. middle school. This will allow you to get an idea of how big of a difference there is between elementary school and middle school. It will also give you an idea of what it is going to be like to go to college.Now for your sample essay, you will need to list all the differences between elementary school and middle school. You want to write an essay that is similar to what a college professor would write, but with an added level of detail. That level of detail will be used to separate the truth from the fiction in each essay.To add to your essay, you will need to include a paragraph that will be your conclusion. This paragraph should be one that ends with a question that the reader can ponder over. The question should be such that it will be able to answer all of the questions that were discussed throughout the rest of the essay.For example, you could begin your conclusion bystating, 'Which type of school better suits you? Which one of the schools that you listed on your essay will fit you best?'Your conclusion will be used as the foundation for the rest of your essay. By doing this, you will be able to construct a very convincing argument that you can use in your essay.Yo ur essay will be ready to be submitted to a college or university, or even to a teacher or a parent who will be interviewing you for the first time. All of this will be made possible because you used a sample essay comparing and contrasting elementary school to middle school.

Liberal Studies Writing Task- School drug testing in Hong Kong

Liberal Studies Writing Task- School drug testing in Hong Kong Free Online Research Papers Liberal Studies Writing Task- School drug testing ‘Public opinion concerning the implementation of the school drug testing scheme was ignored by the HKSAR Government.’ To what extent do you agree with the statement? Explain your answer with the aid of three examples. With less than a month to go before the commencement of the Trial Scheme on School Drug Testing in Tai Po, important issues concerning implementation of the program such as invasion of privacy still remain unresolved. Despite this and the objection of some citizens, the government still decides to go ahead with the scheme. In this way, the public opinion was thought to be ignored by the government. However, someone thinks that the government has already made some amendments in response to the public. To be frank, I partly agree with the statement of the question. First of all, the government has been lessening the legal force of constraint in order to reduce the resistance of implementing the scheme. The government has promised that the police will not involved and the students who are tested positive will not be charged. In addition, the letter of consent has to be signed by both the student and his parent. Furthermore, the students can feel free to withdraw from the scheme. All these are the amendments made by the government in response to the demand of public. Therefore, the government can be considered to have deliberated the public opinions. Next, a hundred of students joined the demonstration to show their discontentment with the scheme. When they arrived the government headquarter, the security guards refused to open the gate to let them in and submit the petition. In this case, I think that the government officials should at least have accepted the petition to show their concern. Otherwise, the government would be thought to have ignored the public opinion. Thirdly, more than fifty briefing sessions of the drug testing scheme have been held in the Tai Po schools. The government said that what they had gained was positive feedback where negative feedback only took up a small part. During those sessions, the students and parents were free to express their opinions and interact with the government officials directly. Thus, the government officials can listen to the public opinion and make the scheme as ideal as possible. To sum up, I partly agree with the statement because of the amendments made to the scheme, the demonstration and the briefing sessions. After all, I do hope the number of drug abusers in Hong Kong will reduce gradually. Research Papers on Liberal Studies Writing Task- School drug testing in Hong KongStandardized TestingMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresQuebec and CanadaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBringing Democracy to AfricaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

You have been invited by the government of Trinidad and Tobago (West Essay

You have been invited by the government of Trinidad and Tobago (West -Indies) to advise the political leader on economic development initiatives that can help - Essay Example Windfalls from surging prices of energy, exploitation activities of new gas fields and moves towards industrial capacity expansion have contributed in no small measure to vibrant economic activity, strengthening of foreign reserves and excess liquidity witnessed in the financial system. Certain indicators like capacity strains in the construction and other sectors, tightening of the labor market and an accelerated inflation point towards the operation at full or near potential of the economy. To ensure that Trinidad and Tobago’s economy is improved upon and achieves a high performing economy status, the need for certain economic development initiatives cannot be overemphasized. According to a 1999 estimate, the GDP of the country stood at about $9.41 billion dollars at growth rate of about 5%.the purchasing power parity or GDP per capita also stood at about $8500 in 1999.A further breakdown of composition by sector of the GDP reveals that services has the highest input of 54% followed by industries with 44% and by agriculture with 2%-according to a 1998 estimate. Exports from the country in 1998 had a value of $2.4bn (f.o.b).In order to raise the standard of living for current and future generations, there is an important need to strike a delicate balance of efficient investment of energy windfalls in promoting social objectives and economic diversification while avoiding an overheating of the economy and inflationary trends by the strategic pacing of energy reven ues. It is important to note that, the gulf between the non-energy sector and its energy counterpart has widened with the non-energy sector witnessing a fiscal deficit alongside an accelerated public spending increase. Urgent steps need to be taken so as to reverse overdependence on revenues from the oil sector. Human development and infrastructure should be allocated high-quality spending. Given the upward trend in inflation and the real

Summary of Apple Inc. Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary of Apple Inc. Case Study - Essay Example During the period of John Sculley (1985-1993), the then CEO of Apple Inc, numerous strategies were adopted in order to make Apple pioneers in the desktop publishing segment. Under the leadership of Steve Jobs, the company had been capable of achieving sustained growth. During his reign, Apple underwent restructuring efforts and also outsourced manufacturing of the Mac products to the contract assemblers of Taiwan. The company’s distribution systems were also revamped. Through company’s website, Apple was capable of selling the products directly to the consumers. The company’s image was invigorated as well by promoting itself as a hip substitute to another computer brand. During the year 2008, one of the key drivers of revenue was Macintosh computers. Apple had put the high emphasis on the technology and innovation which had assisted the company in beating the cutthroat competition. The first retail store of the company was in McLean, Virginia which started its op eration in the year 2001. Until the year 2008, the company was found to be operating through 215 stores. The case study also details the growth of the PC industry since its inception from the mid-1970s. The close competitors of Apple Inc had been IBM, Compaq, and Dell among others those had been focusing upon research and development in order to compete successfully with Apple, Inc. The PC industry has sought tremendous change in the recent years. It is now available in numerous forms ranging from laptops, workstations, sub-notebooks, and servers. However, after the components became standardized the manufacturers of PC started cutting their spending on research and development. Instead of spending on R&D, the companies started focusing on innovation in manufacturing, marketing, and distribution in order to achieve competitive advantage.

Gmo Soybeans Essay Example for Free

Gmo Soybeans Essay There GMOs in almost everything that we eat. GMO stands for genetically modified organism. â€Å"Genetic modification occurs when genes from one organism are transferred to another in ways that do not occur without human intervention. The result is a GMO, or a genetically modified organism. † (Farrell 1) Soybeans are one of the largest GMO crops being produced. With the modification of the soybean by Monsanto, it is now possible for the crop to survive when herbicides are sprayed over it. The herbicide that the soybeans are resistant to is Roundup, so farmers do not have to worry about their soybeans dying to the herbicide. I believe that the negative effects of modified soybeans so not outweigh the benefits because genetically modified soybeans so not increase the production but increase the businesses’ profit, and there are health problems that can arise. Having GM soybeans does not mean that more would be produced; it only means that businesses would raise their profits. Many European countries do not buy any GMO products from the U. S. because they are afraid of any problems that may arise in the future, so I believe that since other countries are not buying any GM food, they do not want to change back into growing food naturally with no modifications or pesticides, because they want to make a bigger profit. They prevent any change that could stop them from making more profit. They do not care if they are damaging the environment; they only care about making more money. For example, people use Roundup (an herbicide) to kill weeds in their backyards or on the sidewalk. Farmers use the same product on the food that we want; they use it to kill the weeds that are growing around the soybeans. To prevent the soybeans from also dying, they have been modified to withstand the weed killer. Scientists have modified it by adding three different genes to the plant: a gene from bacterium, from a virus, and from a petunia. (McMillen )When combine with the original gene, it looks the same but it is now resistant to the Roundup herbicide. Even with soybeans modified, farmers do not benefit from it. The modification has not helped the production go up, the only thing that has gone up is the price. â€Å"[Costs] about $6 an acre to plant the usual seeds, companies charge over $40 per acre for the genetically modified seeds [and the companies gain $34 per acre of seeds sold]. (McMillen 1) Because the seeds are seeds are patented, (which means that the one who invented it, is the only one who has the right to use or sell the product to anyone,) farmers cannot save any eeds from the ones that they have grown. Therefore; each year they have to buy more from the same business. If the farmers save the seeds, they will be fined or even taken to jail. Genetically modified soybeans can also cause health problems. Soy beans can cause food allergies. Since we don’t really know if the bacteria gene in the soybeans will cause a reaction, scientists have compared the proteins in the soy with other proteins that are known to c ause allergies. If the GM protein has sequences that cause allergies, then according to the World Health Association, the GM crop should not be sold or there should be more testing done on it. However, there are sections of proteins produced in GM soybeans that are identical to allergens, but there was no more testing done to it. (Smith 1) If there are proteins in the soy that are causing allergies, â€Å"then the situation may be made much worse by something called horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Thats when genes spontaneously transfer from one species DNA to another. † (Smith 1) Plants should naturally have barriers that keeps genes from transferring to other species, but since there are foreign genes in the soy, it is losing its ability to stop this from happening. Even though it is most common in bacteria and rare in plants and mammals, genes transfer from one species to another, and a study found that parts of the genes from the soy were found in the DNA of human gut bacteria. So even after we stop eating GM soy, we could still be exposed to this transfer of genes because it will still be produced in our intestines. (Smith 1)I believe that there should be more testing because we do not know if there are any other risks involved with eating GM soybeans. Genetically modified soybeans are not beneficial because there is no gain in product only the gain in profit of businesses, and it also causes allergies. With soybeans being resistant to weed killers, weeds are becoming resistant to Roundup, so farmers actually have to use more money to buy more herbicides because they may not be working well anymore. Also it costs more to buy GM soy that soy that has not been tampered with. Not only do businesses profit, but we the consumers can suffer from the product. There are proteins in the soy gene that are identical to genes that cause allergies. We the consumers should be able to decide what we want eat, and also decide how we want the food to be produced.

The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement by Eliyahu M. Goldratt Essay

The beginning of the book starts off with Alex Rogo's plant having major problems and his boss gets on his case about it. His boss, Peach, tells him he has three months to fix these problems or they would be shut down. Rogo has to find a way to improve efficiency in his plant and he is at a loss of how to do that. He thinks that because the plant has new robots that this automatically improves efficiency, right? Peach calls a special meeting at the headquarters for all the plant managers. Rogo does not know what the meeting is about ahead of time, but assumes it will be bad news about how the division's performance is horrible this first quarter. Rogo see Nathan Selwin in the parking garage; he informs Rogo that if performance isn't improved by the end of the year, then the whole division goes up for sale. Rogo ends up leaving the meeting early because he realizes that this meeting is pointless and not helping his plant be more productive. A couple weeks before this meeting, Alex had run into an old friend, Jonah, in an airport lounge. He begins telling Jonah about his plant and the new robots, etc. Jonah does not seem impressed, but asks Alex some important questions such as: „h Have they really increased productivity at your plant? „h Was your plant able to ship even one more product per day as a result of what happened in the department where you installed the robots? „h Did you fire anyone? „h Did your inventories go down? Jonah's point was that if inventories have not gone down, employee expense was mot reduce, the plant is not selling more products, etc. then the robots have not increased the plant's productivity. Jonah tells him that there is only one goal, no matter what the company. Jonah asks Alex what the goal is and Alex does not know. After Alex leaves the meeting, he remembers this conversation with Jonah and it makes him think a lot more about the situation his plant is in. The following enable a company to make money: „h cost-effective purchasing „h employing good people „h high technology „h producing products „h producing quality goods „h selling quality products „h capturing market share Alex finally figures out what The Goal is (I don't know how it took him so long!!) to make money (which is caused by being productive). To accomplish the goal of making money, there are three things that need to be increased simultaneou... ...nning while people are on break; the employees should go on break when it is running. „h The union is causing problems (the reason why it is not possible at the time). „h The machine is available for 585 hours a month, but the demand is greater than that - it will not be resourceful if you loose any of those hours. „h Throughput for entire plant is lower if that time is lost. „h Bottleneck #2 is the heat-treat „h The engineering department is unwilling to change; currently, the plant does not outsource to other vendors „h The plant thinks that it would increase the cost-per-part. For example: Each product shipped is about $1,000. 1,000 units * $1,000 = $1 million if parts get shipped as finished products. They need to use external heat-treat (outsource). Also, quality inspection is currently done prior to final assembly. Defective items are lost time on bottleneck because it went through the machine and now is worthless. They need to do QC before bottleneck - that way, they will not loose time on bottlenecks on any defective parts - won't loose throughput. Also, they need to make sure the process controls on bottleneck parts are very good. The Goal By Eliyahu M. Goldratt